Taxonomy = ITIS |
The Families of Flowering Plants
|
Field Botany Dr. Wujek Fall 2003 M 2-4; W 2-5
Last update: 11-21-03 |
***Important Link*** (Look under Public Land Survey System) |
||
# |
VOSS |
C |
COMMON NAME |
SCIENTIFIC NAME |
FAMILY |
#1 |
III; 412 |
0 |
Ambrosia artemisiifolia |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#2 |
II; 77 |
5 |
Quercus rubra |
Fagaceae |
|
#3 |
II; 53 |
1 |
Populus tremuloides |
Salicaceae |
|
#4 |
I; 395 |
E |
Asparagus officinalis |
Liliaceae |
|
#5 |
II; 537 |
2 |
Rhus typhina (hirta)* |
Anacardiaceae |
|
#6 |
III; 305 |
E |
Lonicera tatarica |
Caprifoliaceae |
|
#7 |
III; 161 |
2 |
Monarda fistulosa |
Lamiaceae = Labitae |
|
#8 |
II; 386 |
- |
Crataegus sp. |
Rosaceae |
|
#9 |
II; 655 |
E |
Daucus carota |
Umbelliferae = Apiaceae |
|
#10 |
I; 367 |
6 |
Symplocarpus foetidus |
Araceae |
|
#11 |
II; 645 |
5 |
Aralia nudicaulis |
Araliaceae |
|
#12 |
II; 460 |
5 |
Amphicarpaea bracteata |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#13 |
II; 661 |
3 |
Heracleum maximum (lactata)* |
Umbelliferae = Apiaceae |
|
#14 |
II; 177 |
E |
Saponaria officianalis |
Caryophyllaceae |
|
#15 |
II; 608 |
E |
Elaeagnus umbellata |
Elaeagnceae |
|
#16 |
Ferns 119 |
- |
Equisetum hyemale |
Equisetaceae |
|
#17 |
II; 450 |
E |
Melilotus alba |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#18 |
III; 206 |
E |
Verbascum thapsus |
Scrophulariaceae |
|
#19 |
III; 160 |
4 |
Monarda punctata |
Lamiaceae = Labitae |
|
#20 |
III; 94 |
1 |
Asclepias syriaca |
Asclepiadaceae |
|
#21 |
III; 440 |
1 |
Rudbeckia hirta |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#22 |
III; 138 |
4 |
Verbena hastata |
Verbenaceae |
|
#23 |
II; 433 |
- |
Geum sp. |
Rosaceae |
|
#24 |
III; 117 |
E |
Echium vulgare |
Boraginaceae |
|
#25 |
III; 449 |
4 |
Eupatorium maculatum |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#26 |
III; 449 |
4 |
Eupatorium perfoliatum |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#27 |
III; 334 |
4 |
Lobelia siphilitica |
Campanulaceae / Lobeliaceae |
|
#28 |
II; 493 |
E |
Lotus corniculata |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#29 |
III; 158 |
5 |
Scutellaria galericulata |
Lamiaceae = Labitae |
|
#30 |
III; 458 |
3 |
Euthamia graminifolia |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#31 |
I; 70 |
E |
Typha angustifolia |
Typhaceae |
|
#32 |
III; 198 |
3 |
Solanum (Physalis) heterophylla* |
Solanaceae |
|
#33 |
III; 226 |
7 |
Chelone glabra |
Scrophulariaceae |
|
#34 |
II; 533 |
2 |
Toxicodendron radicans |
Anacardiaceae |
|
#35 |
III; 451 |
4 |
Eupatorium rugosum |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#36 |
III; 496 |
- |
Aster (Symphyotrichum) novae-angliae* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#37 |
III; 103 |
3 |
Cuscuta gronovii |
Cuscutaceae |
|
#38 |
III; 502 |
- |
Aster (Symphyotrichum) novi-belgii* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#39 |
III; 210 |
E |
Linaria vulgaris |
Scrophulariaceae |
|
#40 |
III; 483 |
2 |
Erigeron philadelphicus |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#41 |
III; 399 |
1 |
Achillea millefolium |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#42 |
III; 429 |
5 |
Helianthus divaricatus |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#43 |
II; 564 |
3 |
Vitis riparia |
Vitaceae |
|
#44 |
III; 214 |
8 |
Pedicularis lanceolata |
Scrophulariaceae |
|
#45 |
III; 311 |
5 |
Viburnum opulus var. americanum* |
Caprifoliaceae |
|
#46 |
III; 154 |
3 |
Mentha arvensis |
Lamiaceae = Labitae |
|
#47 |
III; 245 |
5 |
Mimulus ringens |
Scrophulariaceae |
|
#48 |
III; 432 |
5 |
Helenium autumnale |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#49 |
III; 277 |
0 |
Plantago rugelii |
Plantaginaceae |
|
#50 |
III; 367 |
E |
Sonchus arvensis |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#51 |
III; 136 |
4 |
Verbena urticifolia |
Verbenaceae |
|
#52 |
III; 411 |
0 |
Ambrosia trifida |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#53 |
III; 437 |
6 |
Rudbeckia laciniata |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#54 |
III; 429 |
6 |
Helianthus tuberosus |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#55 |
II; 659 |
4 |
Osmorhiza claytonii |
Umbelliferae = Apiaceae |
|
#56 |
II; 547 |
0 |
Acer negundo |
Aceraceae |
|
#57 |
II; 146 |
E |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
Amaranthaceae |
|
#58 |
II; 275 |
E |
Wormseed Mustard (2) (3) |
Erysimum cheiranthoides |
Cruciferae = Brassicaceae |
#59 |
II; 287 |
E |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
Cruciferae = Brassicaceae |
|
#60 |
II; 119 |
E |
Polygonum convulvulus |
Polygonaceae |
|
#61 |
II; 183 |
E |
Silene latifolia ssp. alba (Silene alba)* |
Caryophyllaceae |
|
#62 |
III; 352 |
E |
Tragopogon pratensis |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#63 |
III; 351 |
E |
Tragopogon dubius |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#64 |
II; 537 |
2 |
Rhus glabra |
Anacardiaceae |
|
#65 |
II; 235 |
9 |
Liriodendron tulipifera |
Magnoliaceae |
|
#66 |
II; 452 |
E |
Red Clover (2) |
Trifolium pretense |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
#67 |
II; 567 |
5 |
Tilia americana |
Tiliaceae |
|
#68 |
II; 453 |
E |
Trifolium repens |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#69 |
II; 357 |
E |
Rosa multiflora |
Rosaceae |
|
#70 |
II; 559 |
E |
Rhamnus cathartica |
Rhamnaceae |
|
#71 |
I; 371 |
5 |
Common Duckweed (2) (3) |
Lemna minor |
Lemnaceae |
#72 |
I; 370 |
5 |
Water Meal (2) |
Wolffia punctata (borealis)(brasilianus)* |
Lemnaceae |
#73 |
II; 96 |
5 |
Boehmeria cylindrical |
Urticaceae |
|
#74 |
II; 97 |
5 |
Pilea pumila |
Urticaceae |
|
#75 |
II; 231 |
E |
Berberis thunbergii |
Berberidaceae |
|
#76 |
II; 95 |
4 |
Wood Nettle (2) |
Laportea canadensis |
Urticaceae |
#77 |
II; 611 |
E |
Lythrum salicaria |
Lytheraceae |
|
#78 |
II; 498 |
0 |
Oxalis fontana (stricta)* |
Oxalidaceae |
|
#79 |
III; 328 |
2 |
Echinocystis lobata |
Cucurbitaceae |
|
#80 |
I; 366 |
10 |
Arisaema dracontium |
Araceae |
|
#81 |
III; 395 |
E |
Chrysanthemum leucoanthemum (Leucoanthemum vulgare)* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#82 |
III; 168 |
E |
Prunella vulgaris |
Lamiaceae = Labitae |
|
#83 |
II; 174 |
E |
Dianthus armeria |
Caryophyllaceae |
|
#84 |
II; 432 |
E |
Pontentilla recta |
Rosaceae |
|
#85 |
II; 569 |
E |
Abutilon theophrasti |
Malvaceae |
|
#86 |
III; 86 |
3 |
Indian Hemp (2) |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Apocynaceae |
#87 |
II; 589 |
- |
Viola sp. |
Violaceae |
|
#88 |
II; 556 |
2 |
Impatiens capensis |
Balsaminaceae |
|
#89 |
III; 507 |
E |
Arctium minus |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#90 |
III; 274 |
E |
Plantago lanceolata |
Plantaginaceae |
|
#91 |
II; 561 |
5 |
Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
Vitaceae |
|
#92 |
III; 277 |
E |
Plantago major |
Plantaginaceae |
|
#93 |
III; 345 |
E |
Cichorium intybus |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#94 |
II; 141 |
E |
Chenopodium album |
Chenopodiaceae |
|
#95 |
III; 358 |
E |
Hieracium aurantiacum |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#96 |
II; 579 |
E |
Hypericum perforatum |
Guttiferae/Clusiaceae/Hypericaeae |
|
#97 |
II; 55 |
6 |
Comptonia peregrina |
Myricaceae |
|
#98 |
I; 367 |
10 |
Calla palustris |
Araceae |
|
#99 |
II; 540 |
5 |
Ilex verticillata |
Aquifoliaceae |
|
#100 |
Ferns 154 |
5 |
Cinnamon Fern (2) (3) |
Osmunda cinnamomea |
Osmundaceae |
#101 |
II; 376 |
4 |
Meadowsweet (2) |
Spiraea alba |
Rosaceae |
#102 |
II; 453 |
E |
Trifolium agrarium (aureum)* |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#103 |
III; 257 |
10 |
Epifagus virginiana |
Orobanchaceae |
|
#104 |
II; 450 |
E |
Melilotus officianalis |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#105 |
III; 86 |
3 |
Apocynum androsaemifolium |
Apocynaceae |
|
#106 |
II; 527 |
E |
Euphorbia esula |
Euphorbiaceae |
|
#107 |
II; 346 |
6 |
Rubus parviflorus |
Rosaceae |
|
#108 |
III; 51 |
5 |
Gaultheria procumbens |
Ericaceae |
|
#109 |
I; 405 |
10 |
Medeola virginiana |
Liliaceae |
|
#110 |
I; 67 |
4 |
Juniperus communis |
Cupressaceae |
|
#111 |
I; 417 |
4 |
Maianthemum canadense |
Liliaceae |
|
#112 |
II; 551 |
5 |
Acer pensylvanicum |
Aceraceae |
|
#113 |
III; 29 |
8 |
Chimaphila umbellata |
Pyrolaceae |
|
#114 |
III; 62 |
5 |
Star-flower (2) |
Trientalis borealis |
Primulaceae |
#115 |
III; 291 |
5 |
Mitchella repens |
Rubiaceae |
|
#116 |
I; 409 |
5 |
Clintonia borealis |
Liliaceae |
|
#117 |
I; 58 |
5 |
Canada Yew (2) (3) |
Taxas canadensis |
Taxaceae |
#118 |
II; 420 |
8 |
Mitella nuda |
Saxifragaceae |
|
#119 |
III; 26 |
- |
Pyrola sp. |
Pyrolaceae |
|
#120 |
II; 677 |
6 |
Cornus canadensis |
Cornaceae |
|
#121 |
X |
- |
Marchantia sp. |
Marchantiaceae |
|
#122 |
II; 550 |
5 |
Acer spicatum |
Aceraceae |
|
#123 |
II; 621 |
E |
Epilobium hirsutum |
Onagraceae |
|
#124 |
III; 50 |
7 |
Epigaea repens |
Ericaceae |
|
#125 |
I; 68 |
10 |
Juniperus horizantalis |
Cupressaceae |
|
#126 |
III; 315 |
6 |
Linnaea borealis |
Caprifoliaceae |
|
#127 |
III; 51 |
8 |
Gaultheria hispidula |
Ericaceae |
|
#128 |
I; 458 |
6 |
Goodyera oblongifolia |
Orchidaceae |
|
#129 |
II; 312 |
10 |
Sarracenia purpurea |
Sarraceniaceae |
|
#130 |
II; 427 |
10 |
Potentilla fruticosa fruticosa (Pentaphylloides floribunda)* |
Rosaceae |
|
#131 |
II; 314 |
6 |
Drosera rotundifolia |
Droseraceae |
|
#132 |
III; 465 |
10 |
Solidago houghtenii |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#133 |
III; 521 |
10 |
Cirsium pitcheri |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#134 |
III; 393 |
10 |
Tanacetum huronense |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#135 |
II; 370 |
8 |
Prunus pumila |
Rosaceae |
|
#136 |
I; 481 |
4 |
Spiranthes cernua |
Orchidaceae |
|
#137 |
III; 242 |
7 |
Agalinis purpurea |
Scrophulariaceae |
|
#138 |
III; 331 |
10 |
Lobelia kalmii |
Campanulaceae / Lobeliaceae |
|
#139 |
III; 474 |
4 |
Solidago uliginosa |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#140 |
III; 404 |
5 |
Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#141 |
II; 483 |
10 |
Lathyrus japonicus |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#142 |
III; 75 |
8 |
Gentianopsis crinita* |
Gentianaceae |
|
#143 |
II; 52 |
8 |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi* |
Ericaceae |
|
#144 |
II; 321 |
8 |
Parnassia glauca |
Saxifragaceae |
|
#145 |
II; 55 |
6 |
Myrica gale |
Myricaceae |
|
#146 |
III; 265 |
10 |
Urticularia intermedia |
Lentibulariaceae |
|
#147 |
II; 221 |
E |
Common Buttercup (2) (3) |
Ranunculus acris |
Ranunculaceae |
#148 |
I; 405 |
5 |
Trillium cernuum |
Liliaceae |
|
#149 |
II; 505 |
3 |
Herb Robert (2) |
Geranium robertianum |
Geraniaceae |
#150 |
I; 417 |
5 |
Smilacina (Maianthemum) racemosum ssp. racemosum* |
Liliaceae |
|
#151 |
III; 34 |
5 |
Indian Pipe (2) |
Monotropa uniflora |
Monotropaceae (Pyrolaceae)* |
#152 |
Ferns 63 |
5 |
Rattlesnake Fern (2) (3) |
Botrychium virginianum |
Ophioglossaceae |
#153 |
I; 452 |
E |
Epipactis helleborine |
Orchidaceae |
|
#154 |
II; 208 |
7 |
Actaea pachypoda |
Ranunculaceae |
|
#155 |
III; 472 |
7 |
Solidago caesia |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#156 |
III; 256 |
10 |
Conopholis americana |
Orobanchaceae |
|
#157 |
III; 308 |
3 |
Sambucus canadensis |
Caprifoliaceae |
|
#158 |
Ferns 149 |
2 |
Onoclea sensibilus |
Dryopteridaceae |
|
#159 |
II; 310 |
3 |
Zanthoxylum americanum |
Rutaceae |
|
#160 |
II; 544 |
5 |
Euonymus obovata* |
Celastraceae |
|
#161 |
II; 237 |
7 |
Lindera benzoin |
Lauraceae |
|
#162 |
II; 66 |
7 |
Yellow Birch (2) (3) |
Betula alleghaniensis |
Betulaceae |
#163 |
I; 366 |
5 |
Arisaema triphyllum |
Araceae |
|
#164 |
II; 572 |
E |
Malva neglecta |
Malvaceae |
|
#165 |
III; 175 |
E |
Leonurus cardiaca |
Lamiaceae = Labitae |
|
#166 |
III; 529 |
3 |
Anaphalis margaritacea |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#167 |
II; 470 |
5 |
Lespedeza capitata |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#168 |
II; 533 |
6 |
Toxicodendron vernix |
Anacardiaceae |
|
#169 |
X |
- |
Sphagnum sp. |
Sphagnaceae |
|
#170 |
III; 41 |
8 |
Leatherleaf (2) |
Chamaedaphne calyculata |
Ericaceae |
#171 |
III; 39 |
10 |
Bog-laurel (2) |
Kalmia polifolia |
Ericaceae |
#172 |
I; 64 |
6 |
Black Spruce (2) (3) (4) |
Picea mariana |
Pinaceae |
#173 |
I; 59 |
5 |
Larix laricina |
Pinaceae |
|
#174 |
II; 540 |
7 |
Nemopanthus (Ilex) mucronata* |
Aquifoliaceae |
|
#175 |
II; 427 |
7 |
Potentilla palustris (Comarum palustre)* |
Rosaceae |
|
#176 |
III; 82 |
8 |
Bogbean; Buckbean (2) (3) |
Menyanthes trifoliata |
Menyanthaceae (Gentianaceae)* |
#177 |
III; 39 |
10 |
Andromeda glaucophylla |
Ericaceae |
|
#178 |
I; 330 |
8 |
Dulichium arundinaceum |
Cyperaceae |
|
#179 |
II; 424 |
2 |
Fragaria virginiana |
Rosaceae |
|
#180 |
II; 235 |
9 |
Asimina triloba |
Annonaceae |
|
#181 |
III; 284 |
4 |
Galium triflorum |
Rubiaceae |
|
#182 |
Ferns 115 |
5 |
Woodland Horsetail (2) (3) |
Equisetum sylvaticum |
Equisetaceae |
#183 |
I; 359 |
5 |
Wool-grass (2) |
Scirpus cyperinus |
Cyperaceae |
#184 |
Ferns 42 |
6 |
Adiantum pedatum |
Pteridaceae |
|
#185 |
III; 453 |
E |
Senecio vulgaris |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#186 |
I; 384 |
3 |
Juncus effusus |
Juncaceae |
|
#187 |
I; 347 |
10 |
Cladium mariscoides |
Cyperaceae |
|
#188 |
III; 491 |
4 |
Aster macrophyllus (Eurybia macrophylla)* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#189 |
Ferns 181 |
0 |
Bracken Fern (2) (3) |
Pteridium aquilinum ssp. latiusculum |
Dennstaedtiaceae |
#190 |
II; 457 |
E |
Medicago sativa |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#191 |
III; 311 |
6 |
Viburnum acerifolium |
Caprifoliaceae |
|
#192 |
II; 296 |
E |
Berteroa incana |
Cruciferae = Brassicaceae |
|
#193 |
III; 385 |
1 |
Bidens frondosus |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#194 |
III; 191 |
1 |
Solanum ptychanthum |
Solanaceae |
|
#195 |
I; 70 |
1 |
Typha latifolia |
Typhaceae |
|
#196 |
III; 408 |
E |
Xanthium strumarium |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#197 |
III; 354 |
E |
Taraxacum officinale |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#198 |
FUNGUS |
- |
Earth Star (2) |
Geastrum sp. |
Geastraceae |
#199 |
II; 154 |
0 |
Portulaca oleracea |
Portulacaceae |
|
#200 |
II; 536 |
E |
Vicia cracca |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#201 |
II; 489 |
7 |
Rhus aromatica |
Anacardiaceae |
|
#202 |
II; 236 |
5 |
Sassafras albidum |
Lauraceae |
|
#203 |
Ferns 145 |
3 |
Ostrich Fern (2) (3) |
Matteuccia struthiopteris |
Dryopteridaceae |
#204 |
Ferns 155 |
6 |
Interrupted Fern (2) (3) |
Osmunda claytoniana* |
Osmundaceae |
#205 |
II; 693 |
7 |
Red Baneberry (2) (3) |
Actaea rubra |
Ranunculaceae |
#206 |
III; 509 |
E |
Centaurea biebersteinii* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#207 |
III; 539 |
0 |
Erigeron (Conyza) canadensis* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#208 |
III; 523 |
0 |
Chamaesyce maculata* |
Euphorbiaceae |
|
#209 |
II; 423 |
2 |
Fragaria vesca |
Rosaceae |
|
#210 |
I; 68 |
3 |
Eastern Red-cedar (2) (3) |
Juniperus virginiana |
Cupressaceae |
#211 |
III; 91 |
1 |
Asclepias verticillata |
Asclepiadaceae |
|
#212 |
II; 375 |
5 |
Spirea tomentosa |
Rosaceae |
|
#213 |
III; 61 |
8 |
Lysimachia quadrifolia |
Primulaceae |
|
#214 |
III; 73 |
7 |
Bartonia virginica |
Gentianaceae |
|
#215 |
I; 459 |
7 |
Goodyera pubescens |
Orchidaceae |
|
#216 |
III; 519 |
E |
Cirsium vulgare |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
|
#217 |
III; 207 |
E |
Chaenorrhinum minus* |
Scrophulariaceae |
|
#218 |
II; 202 |
4 |
Clematis virginiana |
Ranunculaceae |
|
#219 |
III; 189 |
E |
Solanum dulcamara |
Solanaceae |
|
#220 |
II; 457 |
E |
Medicago lupulina |
Fabaceae = Leguminosae |
|
#221 |
X |
- |
Chara spp. |
Characeae |
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#222 |
I; 367 |
6 |
Acorus calamus |
Araceae / Acoraceae* |
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#223 |
II; 106 |
E |
Rumex acetosella |
Polygonaceae |
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#224 |
II; 527 |
E |
Euphorbia cyparissias |
Euphorbiaceae |
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#225 |
III; 299 |
5 |
Symphoricarpos albus |
Caprifoliaceae |
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#226 |
Ferns 136 |
4 |
Ground-pine (2) (3) |
Lycopodium clavatum |
Lycopodiaceae |
#227 |
Ferns 140 |
3 |
Lycopodium (Diphasiatrum) digitatum* |
Lycopodiaceae |
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#228 |
III; 500 |
1 |
Aster (Symphyotrichum) pilosus* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
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#229 |
II; 116 |
E |
Polygonum aviculare |
Polygonaceae |
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#230 |
II; 219 |
1 |
Ranunculus sceleratus |
Ranunculaceae |
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#231 |
II; 120 |
6 |
Polygonum amphibium var. emersum |
Polygonaceae |
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#232 |
III; 469 |
1 |
Solidago canadensis (altissima)* |
Compositae = Asteraceae |
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#233 |
I; 325 |
8 |
Carex tuckermanii |
Cyperaceae |
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#234 |
Ferns 131 |
5 |
Huperzia lucidula (Lycopodium lucidulum)* |
Lycopodiaceae |
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#235 |
Ferns 137 |
5 |
Lycopodium obscurum |
Lycopodiaceae |
IDENTIFIED MONOCOT & DICOT FAMILES
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*Conserved Names |
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Field Botany Essential Definitions
INVOLUCRE—collection of bracts (forming the cap of the acorn)
BRACT—modified leaf a the base of a flower or inflorescence
NUT—a dry indehiscent fruit of 1-3 carpels covered by a hard leathery involucre
BIENNIAL—life cycle completed in two growing seasons
ANNUAL—life cycle completed in one growing season
PERENNIAL—multiple life cycles completed; persisting for many growing seasons
MONOCARPIC—plant flowers once and dies thereafter
ZYGOMORPHIC—bilaterally symmetrical, “irregular flower”
MONOTYPIC—a genus containing only one species, or a family containing only one genus
POLYPLOID—many sets of chromosomes (>2)
PHYLLOTAXY—leaf arrangement
OPPOSITE—two leaves opposite from each other
WHORLED—more than two leaves arranged at the same level
ALTERNATE (SPIRALED)—leaves arranged with one at each node
LACUNA—space within a plant cell
LOCULE—space within the sporangium or in the ovary where the ovules occur
LUMEN—space bounded by the plant wall
STROBILUS (CONE)—fruiting body in the Equisetaceae, Pinophyta and Lycopodiaceae
RAY (LIGULATE)—type of flower in the Asteraceae that are sterile
DISK (TUBE)—type of flower in the Asteraceae that is fertile
SAMARA (KEY FRUIT)—winged achene (1 carpel, 1 seed) dry indehiscent fruit
BIFFED/CLEFT—petals split in half
CLEISTOGAMOUS FLOWER—“hidden marriage,” asexually reproducing flower in the Violacaeae
SPATHE—hood-like bract covering the inflorescence in the Araceae
SPADIX—inflorescence in the Araceae
CESPITOSE—growing in a clumped fashion
STAMENOIDE—infertile stamens
SPINE—modified leaf
THORN—modified stem (two or more clusters of thorns from modified stipules)
STIPULE—modified leaf at the base of a leaf or encircling the stem
LAGG—water found ringing the main bog (moat)
BOG—water found internally
TETRADIDYMOUS—four tall and two short stamens in the Brassicaceae
REPLUM—wall separating the seeds inside of the silique
SILIQUE—two valves separated by a replum in the Brassicaceae
TOMENTOSE—leaves covered with curly, matted hairs, wooly
SHEATH—petiole of grasses
ALLELOPATHY—chemical inhibition of plant species by another either affecting growth or germination
CULM (PEDICEL)—holds the inflorence in the Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Juncaceae
PERIANTH—petals and sepals collectively
CALYX—sepals
COROLLA—petals
AGGREGATE—compacted leaves that bear sporangia (= sporophylls)
OCRE—hairy collar around the node (modified stipule)
SAGITTATE—arrow-head shaped
HASTATE—cordate leaf base
TEPAL—petals and sepals look very similar
CARYOPSIS (GRAIN)—fruit of the Poaceae, seed united with wall
PERIGYNIUM (UTRICLE)—bract covering the achene in the Cyperaceae
AWN—terminal bristle
SCALE—subtends the flower in the Cyperaceae
DECUSSATE—a pair of leaves that are opposite from each other
GEMMAE—asexual reproduction structures in the Bryophyta and Pteridophyta (bulblets)
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS—moving between ploidy levels during the plant’s lifetime (haploid and diploid)
GAMETOPHYTE—haploid generation, produce gametes
SPOROPHYTES—diploid generation, produce spores
GAMETANGIA (SPORANGIA)—bodies that produce gametes
ANTHERIDIUM—produces sperm
ARCHEGONIUM—produces the egg
PROTAGONY—female gametes reach maturity first
PROTOANDRY-- male gametes reach maturity first
MICROGAMETOPHYTE (POLLEN)—male spores
TUBE CELL—in pollen grain, grows through style
GENERATIVE CELL—contains two gametes
DOUBLE FUSION—fertilization (sperm + egg) and triple fusion (two polar nuclei + sperm)
HETEROMORPHIC—two generations look different
ISOMORPHIC—two generations look the same
POLYEMBRYONY—(Pinus) four embryos develop after fertilization, only one survives
TRIGOMOUS—parts of 3 (stigmas)
LENTICULAR—parts of 2 (stigmas)
INDUSIUM—umbrella-like structure protecteing spores
PAPPUS—fluffy/feathery perianth whorl in the Asteraceae that is used for dispersal
TUBERCLE—knob-like outgrowth
FLORET—flower in the Poaceae
SCLERENCHYMA—protective and supportive tissues with cells made of lignified and thickened walls; give support. Two kinds: Fiber and sclerins
PERICARP—outside of the mature ovary wall
SPIKELET—one or more florets
ANDROECIUM—collectively, the male parts (stamen)
GYNOECIUM—collectively, the female parts (carpel or pistal)
GLUME—bract subtending the spikelets; 1st is the lowest one, 2nd is the next one up
PALEA—bract subtending the floret that is located above the lemma
LEMMA—bract subtending the floret that is located below the palea
TWO-RANKED--Alternately disposed on exactly opposite sides of the stem so as to from two ranks
THREE-RANKED—arranged so that leaves form a pattern of three in terms of placement
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11/21/2003 |
KINGDOM |
PLANTAE |
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SUBKINGDOM |
DIVISION |
CLASS |
SUBCLASS |
ORDER |
FAMILY |
GENUS & SPECIES |
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BASIDIOMYCOTA |
BASIDIOMTCETES |
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LYCOPERDALES |
GEASTRACEAE |
Geastrum sp. |
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CHAROPHYTA |
CHAROPHYCEAE |
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CHARALES |
CHARACEAE |
Chara sp. |
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HEPATOPHYTA |
HEPATOPSIDA |
MARCHANTIDAE |
MARCHANTIALES |
MARCHANTIACEAE |
Marchantia sp. |
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BRYOPHYTA |
SPHAGNOPSIDA |
SPHAGNIDAE |
SPHAGNALES |
SPHAGNACEAE |
Sphagnum sp. |
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TRACHEOBIONTA |
LYCOPODIOPHYTA |
LYCOPODIOPSIDA |
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LYCOPODIALES |
LYCOPODIACEAE |
Huperzia lucidula (Lycopodium lucidulum)* |
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Lycopodium (Diphasiatrum) digitatum* |
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Lycopodium clavatum |
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Lycopodium obscurum |
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EQUISETOPHYTA |
EQUISETOPSIDA |
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EQUISETALES |
EQUISETACEAE |
Equisetum hyemale |
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Equisetum sylvaticum |
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PTERIDOPHYTA |
FILICOPSIDA |
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POLYPODIALES |
OSMUNDACEAE |
Osmunda cinnamomea |
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Osmunda claytoniana |
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DRYOPTERIDACEAE |
Matteuccia struthiopteris |
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Onoclea sensibilus |
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DENNSTAEDTIACEAE |
Pteridium aquilinum ssp. latiusculum |
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PTERIDACEAE |
Adiantum pedatum |
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OPHIOGLOSSALES |
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE |
Botrychium virginianum |
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CONIFEROPHYTA |
PINOPSIDA |
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TAXALES |
TAXACEAE |
Taxas canadensis |
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PINALES |
PINACEAE |
Larix laricina |
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Picea mariana |
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CUPRESSACEAE |
Juniperus communis |
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Juniperus virginiana |
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Juniperus horizantalis |
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MAGNOLIOPHYTA |
LILIOPSIDA |
ARECIDAE |
ARALES |
ARACEAE |
Arisaema dracontium |
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Acorus calamus |
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Arisaema triphyllum |
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Calla palustris |
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Symplocarpus foetidus |
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LEMNACEAE |
Lemna minor |
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Wolffia punctata (borealis)(brasilianus)* |
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LILIDAE |
LILIALES |
LILIACEAE |
Asparagus officinalis |
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Clintonia borealis |
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Maianthemum canadense |
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Medeola virginiana |
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Smilacina (Maianthemum) racemosum ssp. racemosum* |
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Trillium cernuum |
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LILIIDAE |
ORCHIDALES |
ORCHIDACEAE |
Epipactis helleborine |
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Goodyera pubescens |
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Goodyera oblongifolia |
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Spiranthes cernua |
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COMMELINIDAE |
CYPERALES |
CYPERACEAE |
Carex tuckermanii |
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Cladium mariscoides |
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Dulichium arundinaceum |
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Scirpus cyperinus |
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JUNCALES |
JUNCACEAE |
Juncus effusus |
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TYPHALES |
TYPHACEAE |
Typha angustifolia |
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Typha latifolia |
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MAGNOLIOPSIDA |
MAGNOLIIDAE |
MAGNOLIALES |
MAGNOLIACEAE |
Liriodendron tulipifera |
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ANNONACEAE |
Asimina triloba |
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LAURALES |
LAURACEAE |
Lindera benzoin |
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Sassafras albidum |
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RANUNCULALES |
RANUNCULACEAE |
Actaea pachypoda |
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Actaea rubra |
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Clematis virginiana |
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Ranunculus acris |
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Ranunculus sceleratus |
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BERBERIDACEAE |
Berberis thunbergii |
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HAMAMELIDAE |
URTICALES |
URTICACEAE |
Boehmeria cylindrical |
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Laportea canadensis |
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Pilea pumila |
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MYRICALES |
MYRICACEAE |
Comptonia peregrina |
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Myrica gale |
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FAGALES |
FAGACEAE |
Quercus rubra |
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BETULACEAE |
Betula alleghaniensis |
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CARYOPHYLLIDAE |
CAROPHYLLALES |
CHENOPODACIEAE |
Chenopodium album |
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AMARANTHACEAE |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
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PORTULACACEAE |
Portulaca oleracea |
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CARYOPHYLLACEAE |
Dianthus armeria |
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Saponaria officianalis |
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Silene latifolia ssp. alba (Silene alba)* |
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POLYGONALES |
POLYGONACEAE |
Polygonum amphibium var. emersum |
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Polygonum aviculare |
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Polygonum convulvulus |
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Rumex acetosella |
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DILLENIIDAE |
THEALES |
GUTTIFERAE/ |
Hypericum perforatum |
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CLUSIACEAE/ |
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HYPERICACEAE |
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MALVALES |
TILIACEAE |
Tilia americana |
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MALVACEAE |
Abutilon theophrasti |
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Malva neglecta |
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NEPENTHALES |
SARRACENIACEAE |
Sarracenia purpurea |
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DROSERACEAE |
Drosera rotundifolia |
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VIOLALES |
VIOLACEAE |
Viola sp. |
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CUCURBITACEAE |
Echinocystis lobata |
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SALICALES |
SALICACEAE |
Populus tremuloides |
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CAPPARALES |
CRUCIFERAE/ |
Berteroa incana |
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BRASSICACEAE |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
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Erysimum cheiranthoides |
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ERICALES |
ERICACEAE |
Andromeda glaucophylla |
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Arctostaphylos uva-ursi* |
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Chamaedaphne calyculata |
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Epigaea repens |
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Gaultheria hispidula |
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Gaultheria procumbens |
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Kalmia polifolia |
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PYROLACEAE |
Chimaphila umbellata |
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Pyrola sp. |
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MONOTROPACEAE |
Monotropa uniflora |
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PRIMULALES |
PRIMULACEAE |
Lysimachia quadrifolia |
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Trientalis borealis |
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ROSIDAE |
ROSALES |
SAXIFRAGACEAE |
Mitella nuda |
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Parnassia glauca |
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ROSACEAE |
Crataegus sp. |
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Fragaria vesca |
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Fragaria virginiana |
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Geum sp. |
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Pontentilla recta |
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Potentilla fruticosa fruticosa (Pentaphylloides floribunda)* |
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Potentilla palustris (Comarum palustre)* |
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Prunus pumila |
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Rosa multiflora |
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Rubus parviflorus |
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Spiraea alba |
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Spirea tomentosa |
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FABALES |
FABACEAE/ |
Amphicarpaea bracteata |
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LEGUMINOSAE |
Lathyrus japonicus |
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Lespedeza capitata |
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Lotus corniculata |
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Medicago lupulina |
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Medicago sativa |
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Melilotus alba |
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Melilotus officianalis |
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Trifolium agrarium (aureum)* |
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Trifolium pretense |
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Trifolium repens |
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Vicia cracca |
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PROTEALES |
ELAEGNACEAE |
Elaeagnus umbellata |
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MYRTLES |
LYTHRACEAE |
Lythrum salicaria |
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ONAGRACEAE |
Epilobium hirsutum |
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CORNALES |
CORNACEAE |
Cornus canadensis |
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CELASTRALES |
AQUIFOLIACEAE |
Ilex verticillata |
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Nemopanthus (Ilex) mucronata* |
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CELASTRACEAE |
Euonymus obovata* |
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EUPHORBIALES |
EUPHORBIACEAE |
Chamaesyce maculata |
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Euphorbia cyparissias |
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Euphorbia esula |
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RHAMNALES |
RHAMNACEAE |
Rhamnus cathartica |
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VITACEAE |
Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
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Vitis riparia |
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SAPINDALES |
ACERACEAE |
Acer negundo |
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Acer pensylvanicum |
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Acer spicatum |
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ANACARDIACEAE |
Rhus aromatica |
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Rhus glabra |
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Rhus typhina (hirta)* |
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Toxicodendron radicans |
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Toxicodendron vernix |
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RUTACEAE |
Zanthoxylum americanum |
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GERANIALES |
OXALIDACEAE |
Oxalis fontana (stricta)* |
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GERANIACEAE |
Geranium robertianum |
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BALSAMINACEAE |
Impatiens capensis |
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APIALES |
APIACEAE/ |
Daucus carota |
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UMBELLIFERAE |
Heracleum maximum (lactata)* |
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Osmorhiza claytonii |
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Asclepias verticillata |
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ARALIACEAE |
Aralia nudicaulis |
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ASTERIDAE |
GENTIANALES |
GENTIANACEAE |
Bartonia virginica |
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Gentianopsis crinita* |
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APOCYANACEAE |
Apocynum androsaemifolium |
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Apocynum cannabinum |
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ASCLEPIADACEAE |
Asclepias syriaca |
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Asclepias verticillata |
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SOLANALES |
SOLANACEAE |
Solanum (Physalis) heterophylla* |
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Solanum dulcamara |
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Solanum ptychanthum |
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CUSCUTACEAE |
Cuscuta gronovii |
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MENYANTHACEAE |
Menyanthes trifoliata |
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LAMIALES |
BORAGINACEAE |
Echium vulgare |
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VERBENACEAE |
Verbena hastata |
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Verbena urticifolia |
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LABITAE/ |
Leonurus cardiaca |
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LAMIACEAE |
Mentha arvensis |
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Monarda fistulosa |
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Monarda punctata |
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Prunella vulgaris |
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Scutellaria galericulata |
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PLANTAGINALES |
PLANTAGINACEAE |
Plantago lanceolata |
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Plantago major |
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Plantago rugelii |
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SCROPHULARIALES |
SCROPHULARIACEAE |
Agalinis purpurea |
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Chaenorrhinum minus |
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Chelone glabra |
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Linaria vulgaris |
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Mimulus ringens |
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Pedicularis lanceolata |
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Verbascum thapsus |
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OROBANCHACEAE |
Conopholis americana |
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Epifagus virginiana |
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LENTIBULARIACEAE |
Urticularia intermedia |
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CAMPANUALES |
CAMPANULACEAE/ |
Lobelia kalmii |
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LOBELIACEAE |
Lobelia siphilitica |
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RUBIALES |
RUBIACEAE |
Galium triflorum |
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Mitchella repens |
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DIPSACALES |
CAPRIFOLIACEAE |
Linnaea borealis |
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Lonicera tatarica |
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Sambucus canadensis |
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Symphoricarpos albus |
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Viburnum acerifolium |
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Viburnum opulus var. americanum* |
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ASTERALES |
ASTERACEAE/ |
Achillea millefolium |
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COMPOSITAE |
Ambrosia artemisiifolia |
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Ambrosia trifida |
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Anaphalis margaritacea |
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Arctium minus |
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Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata* |
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Aster (Symphyotrichum) novae-angliae* |
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Aster (Symphyotrichum) novi-belgii* |
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Aster (Symphyotrichum) pilosus* |
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Aster macrophyllus (Eurybia macrophylla)* |
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Bidens frondosus |
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Centaurea biebersteinii |
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Chrysanthemum leucoanthemum (Leucoanthemum vulgare)* |
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Cichorium intybus |
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Cirsium pitcheri |
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Cirsium vulgare |
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Conyza canadensis |
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Erigeron philadelphicus |
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Eupatorium maculatum |
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Eupatorium perfoliatum |
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Eupatorium rugosum |
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Euthamia graminifolia |
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Helenium autumnale |
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Helianthus divaricatus |
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Helianthus tuberosus |
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Hieracium aurantiacum |
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Rudbeckia hirta |
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Rudbeckia laciniata |
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Senecio vulgaris |
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Solidago caesia |
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Solidago canadensis (altissima)* |
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Solidago houghtenii |
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Solidago uliginosa |
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Sonchus arvensis |
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Tanacetum huronense |
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Taraxacum officinale |
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Tragopogon dubius |
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Tragopogon pratensis |
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Xanthium strumarium |